When you’re charged with a crime in Maryland, knowing how the court system works can be helpful. The state has two main trial courts: the District Court and the Circuit Court. Each one handles different types of cases and follows different procedures. Understanding these distinctions can guide how you prepare and what to expect as a defendant.
What Is the District Court in Maryland?
The District Court in Maryland focuses on cases that involve less serious criminal matters. In criminal cases, it is usually the first stop for defendants, especially if the charges aren’t major felonies. Below are the types of cases handled here:
- Misdemeanors: Examples include theft under $1,500 and simple assault.
- Felony Preliminary Hearings: The court may conduct hearings to determine probable cause for certain felony charges before sending them to the Circuit Court.
- Traffic Violations: DUI, reckless driving, and speeding tickets often come before a District Court judge.
The District Court allows defendants to address charges that are typically less severe. Maximum penalties for Maryland District Court cases typically include up to 3 years for certain severe misdemeanors, as well as fines and probation.
Maryland District Court Procedure
The District Court does not offer jury trials. Instead, a judge alone hears the evidence and determines a verdict. This is known as a bench trial. Because there are no juries, cases often resolve more quickly, leading to a more streamlined process.
What Is the Circuit Court in Maryland?
The Circuit Court in Maryland handles higher-level criminal offenses. Below are the cases that are sent to this court:
- Felonies: murder, robbery, and drug trafficking
- Appeals From District Court: cases that defendants or prosecutors choose to appeal from lower court rulings
- Juvenile Cases and Family Law: custody disputes, child protection issues, and other serious family matters
Longer prison terms and broader penalties are possible, reflecting the serious nature of the crimes heard in this court.
Maryland Circuit Court Procedure
Unlike the District Court, jury trials are available in Circuit Court. Defendants often face more complex processes, which can require additional preparation and highly experienced legal counsel.
Jury Trial vs. Bench Trial
Choosing between a jury trial and a bench trial after being detained and arrested can greatly impact how your case moves forward. In a jury trial, a group of peers decides the outcome, while in a bench trial, a single judge makes the ruling. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each may help you decide what best fits your situation.
Benefits of a Jury Trial
A jury brings different viewpoints and can sometimes be more receptive to emotional arguments. This format may work in your favor if you have a strong defense that resonates with everyday people. Having multiple individuals decide your fate can reduce the chance of one person’s bias in deciding the verdict.
Drawbacks of a Jury Trial
It often takes more time and money to prepare for a jury trial. Selecting jurors and waiting while they deliberate can lengthen the process. This is particularly problematic for defendants who are awaiting trial in custody. You also risk dealing with jury members who may bring hidden prejudices or limited legal knowledge.
Benefits of a Bench Trial
A bench trial is usually faster because there’s no need to pick a jury. A single judge focuses on the legal issues rather than balancing many jurors’ opinions. In some situations, judges can better handle complex evidence or technical legal matters that lay people simply don’t understand.
Drawbacks of a Bench Trial
Since one judge decides alone, that judge’s outlook will heavily influence the result. Some believe a jury may be more open to sympathetic arguments, which could be lost in a bench trial. Having fewer perspectives also means there’s less chance of debate or disagreement over the final decision.
Contact the Criminal Defense Attorneys at Alpert Schreyer Criminal Defense Attorneys in Maryland for Help Today
For more information, contact Alpert Schreyer Criminal Defense Attorneys to schedule a confidential consultation with a criminal defense attorney. Our team is available to assist clients in Lanham, Frederick, Rockville, and Waldorf.
We proudly serve Prince George’s County, Frederick County, Montgomery County, Charles County and the surrounding areas. Visit our law offices at:
Alpert Schreyer Criminal Defense Attorneys Lanham
4600 Forbes Blvd Ste 201 Lanham, MD 20706
(301) 262-7005
Available 24/7
Alpert Schreyer Criminal Defense Attorneys Frederick
25 E Patrick St #200 Frederick, MD 21701
(301) 381-1993
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Alpert Schreyer Criminal Defense Attorneys Rockville
11140 Rockville Pike 550-J Rockville, MD 20852
(301) 364-3195
Available 24/7
Alpert Schreyer Criminal Defense Attorneys Waldorf
8 Post Office Rd, Waldorf, MD 20602
(301) 857-4771